The Black psyche has really been screwed up.

A second potential explanation for a white server bias in tipping may be found in the
concepts of aversive racism and implicit racial attitudes. Dovidio and Gaertner (2004) argue that 5
as racism has become less socially acceptable, many people consciously endorse egalitarian
values while unconsciously harboring negative feelings about Blacks. The egalitarian values of
these aversive racists mean that they do not discriminate “directly and openly in ways that can be
attributed to racism” (Dovidio et. al. 2002, pg.90). However, their unconscious prejudices mean
that they “will discriminate, often unintentionally, when their behavior can be justified on the
basis of some factor other than race” (Doviodio et. al, 2002, pg. 90).

Consistent with these ideas about aversive racism, research on the Implicit Association
Test (IAT) suggests that many Whites and Blacks have an implicit (i.e., automatic and often
unconsious) preference for Whites over Blacks (Ashnurn-Nardo, Knowles & Monteith, 2003;
Nosek, Banaji & Greenwald, 2002). Furthermore, implicit racial attitudes have been found to
predict spontaneous behaviors (i.e., those outside of conscious control) toward Blacks as well as
deliberative behaviors toward Blacks that can be justified on other grounds. For example,
Dovidio et. al. (1997) found that implicit racial attitudes predicted White’s nonverbal behavior in
interactions with Blacks. Sargent (forthcoming) found that implicit racial attitudes predicted
choice of a black vs white work partner when that choice also determined the task to be
performed and could be interpreted as reflecting a preference for one task over another rather
than a preference for one partner over another.